I. theem pib: Tsis muaj kev sib faib ua ke (1930–1971)
Tom qab Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam, cov ntaub ntawv yas thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas dej tau siv dav, nrog EVA, roj hmab, thiab cov resins feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab hluav taws xob; Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob retardancy txheem.
Xyoo 1930s: American ASTM tus qauv tau qhia thawj tiam ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob, ntsuas tsuas yog kab rov tav hluav taws kub thiab qhov txawv ntawm "slow- hlawv" thiab "ceev- hlawv," yam tsis muaj kev cai rau ntsug combustion lossis droplet kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo.
1950s-1960s: Cov xwm txheej ntawm hluav taws kub nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nce siab heev; Lub xub ntiag ntawm molten droplets uas tuaj yeem ignite cov hluav taws kub thib ob ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj, tseem tsis tau muaj kev sib koom ua ke thoob ntiaj teb kev faib tawm rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntsug.
Cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam: Rau EVA thiab cov roj hmab ib txwm siv, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tsuas tuaj yeem ntsuas pom qhov muag; xeem cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau lub chaw soj nstuam rau tib yam khoom tsis sib xws; thiab tsis muaj cov qauv kev nyab xeeb sib koom ua ke rau kev xa tawm -cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab PCB kev lag luam.
II. Yug los ntawm Thawj Tus Qauv: Kev Tsim Kho ntawm Ib Tus Txheej Txheem Peb -Level System (1972–1990, UL94 Versions 1–3)
Hauv xyoo 1972, UL tau tshaj tawm thawj tsab ntawv UL94- lub ntiaj teb cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm thawj zaug rau cov nplaim hluav taws kub-txhim kho lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub nplaim hluav taws retardant grading systems.
Ob qhov kev sim tshiab tshiab tau ntxiv: kab rov tav combustion (HB) thiab ntsug combustion.
Tus qauv ntsug ntsug tau muab faib ua peb pawg xwb: V-0, V-1, thiab V-2. Cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas tseem ceeb yog cov nplaim hluav taws uas nyob hauv lub sijhawm thiab seb cov kua dej puas ua rau lub paj rwb.
Qhov thib peb tsab (1980) tau ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem xeem, uas tau txais los ntawm US Department of Defense thiab tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hauv tsev.
Kev txwv: Tsuas yog siv tau nrog cov yas tuab, nruj; tsis muaj kev sim siab rau cov khoom ua npuas ncauj (xws li EVA, EPDM ua npuas ncauj, silicone ua npuas ncauj); Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias feem ntau yog exaggerated thiab tsis txaus kom ua tau raws li PCB qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias - kev xav tau.
III. Kev Txhim Kho Qib: Ntxiv rau qhov ultra- qib hluav taws kub retardancy qib (5V) (1991–2012, Plaub thiab thib tsib tsab)
Qhov thib plaub tsab (1991) thiab thib tsib tsab (1996) tau nthuav tawm ob qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb, tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem kev faib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tseem siv rau niaj hnub no.
Tshiab tau ntxiv 5VA thiab 5VB nplaim taws tiv thaiv kev ntsuas (siab dua V-0), simulating scenarios nrog sustained siab kub thiab loj-scale qhib nplaim taws;
5VA: Tsis yog- cov paib perforated tsis muaj qhov, ua raws li cov qauv siab - kawg IC substrate, siab - qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau ua, thiab yuav tsum tau specifications rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
5VB: Tso cai me ntsis perforations; ib tug universal siab -kub yam ntxwv tivthaiv.
Ntxiv cov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj los daws cov teeb meem kev sib tw nrog EVA thiab EPDM ua npuas ncauj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, PCBs, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tam sim no yuav tsum tau ua daim ntawv pov thawj UL94, thaum qis - qib HB combustible - cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj tau maj mam raug txiav tawm ntawm cov kab ntau lawm.
Kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig thaum ntxov: Tebchaws Europe tau kuaj pom cov tshuaj dioxins uas tsim tawm thaum cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj halogen ib txwm muaj -raws li nplaim taws- retardant EVA ua npuas ncauj.
IV. Refined Iteration: Unified Global Testing Standards (6th Edition, 2013)
Qhov thib rau tsab ntawm UL94 tau tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 2013, ua rau muaj kev nruj nruj rau kev sim siab kom ua raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam tawm txawv teb chaws.
Standardize lub nplaim qhov siab, tus nqi calorific, qauv qhov ntev, thiab ib puag ncig kub / av noo ntawm BenSheng teeb kom tshem tawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas tsis sib xws ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam hauv Suav teb, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Europe.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thickness ntawm nplaim hluav taws kub retardancy ntsuam xyuas yog qhov tseeb: rau tib lub silicone ua npuas ncauj, ib tug 3 hli tuab qauv cais raws li V-0 tej zaum yuav downgraded rau V-1 yog hais tias lub foam txheej tsuas yog 0.5 hli tuab.
Ua raws li cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb ISO thiab IEC nplaim taws ua haujlwm; PCB consumables exported rau EU thiab Southeast Asia yog uniformly ntawv pov thawj raws li UL94 kev faib tawm.
Cov kev cai ib puag ncig tau ua tiav ib txhij: EU's RoHS cov lus qhia txwv tsis pub cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, ua rau kev lag luam hloov mus rau halogen-dawb V0 ua npuas ncauj silicone thiab theem- tawm halogen- muaj cov nplaim taws- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li EVA thiab EPDM.
V. Cov qauv niaj hnub tshiab:Cov Kev Xav Tau Dual rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig thiab siab -Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub (7th Edition, 2023, tam sim no siv tau)
Lub 7th tsab tso tawm nyob rau hauv 2023 yog lub ntiaj teb no standardized version, featuring core enhancements optimized rau ua npuas ncauj cushioning cov ntaub ntawv thiab PCB thermal pressing daim ntaub ntawv.
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas rau cov npuas dej nyias nyias, paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv sib kis ntawm cov kaw-cell silicone, qhib-cell EPDM, thiab mos EVA.
Txhim kho cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab kuaj tom qab siab - kub aging: Cov khoom siv cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab yuav tsum tsis txhob pom qhov degradation tseem ceeb thaum raug cua sov ntev ntawm 200℃.
Hais txog cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam: EVA thiab cov pa EPDM cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau pom qhov kub siab -kub leaching; rov qab thermal compression ua rau degradation ntawm V0 rau HB, ua rau lawv tsis haum rau PCB cov kab ntau lawm.
Nplaim taws- retardant foam silicone, renowned rau nws siab -kub kuj thiab tsis muaj theem sib cais thaum tuav ib tug V0 hluav taws ntsuam xyuas, tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau siab - kub thermal rwb thaiv tsev daim ntaub ntawv.
Cov txheej txheem tshiab rau qis- pa luam yeeb thiab tsis yog- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas tau raug qhia kom ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob thiab cov qauv tsim khoom huv si rau cov ntawv luam tawm.
Ntiaj teb no sib: Nplaim taws retardancy ratings tam sim no encompass tsis tau tsuas yog "tus kheej- tua thaum raug hluav taws," tab sis kuj muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntxiv -kub kuj durability, halogen{2}}dawb ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab tsis muaj leaching.